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Quercus fruticosa |
| Author |
Brot. 1805 Fl. Lusit. 2: 31 |
| Synonyms |
Q.lusitanica Lam. 1785 Encycl. 1: 719 (nomen ambiguum), not Webb. nor Boiss.
baetica H.Buek 1874, not Villar 1938
brachycarpa Kotschy ex A.DC 1864
faginea subsp lusitanica (Lam.) Maire 1931
fruticosa var. vulgaris (Cout.) A.Camus 1939
glauca Bosc ex Loisel 1825
humilis Lam. 1783 nom. illeg. not Miller 1768
lusitanica var. humilis (Lam.) Elwes & Henry 1910
lusitanica subsp. valentina (Cav.) O.Schwarz 1936
muricata Palau ex Willk. & Lange 1862
ovalifolia Bosc ex Pers. 1807
prasina Bosc ex Pers. 1807 (see below...)
rigida K.Koch ex A.DC 1864, not Willd. 1805
undulata K.Koch 1847, nom. illeg.
valentina Cav. 1793
zang Dippel 1891
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| Local names |
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| Range |
Southwest
Spain; Central and South Portugal; Morocco; |
| Growth habit |
reaches
10 m, but usually smaller (2 m), shrubby, spreading; |
| Leaves |
3-5
cm long (to 7 cm), semi-evergreen; leathery; oval oblong or oboval; entire;
base cuneate; margin dentate apically (4-6 pairs of teeth curved upward);
lustrous above with solitary, multiradiate and stellate hairs, becoming
glabrous; whitish, somewhat glaucous, densely hairy beneath (multiradiate
and fascicled hairs), especially along veins; 5-9 parallel vein pairs;
very short petiole, less than 5 mm long, most often pubescent; |
| Flowers |
April-May;
male catkin 3-5 cm ; perianth of the male flower with 6-7 ciliate,
pointed lobes; few female flowers, perianth with 6-8 pubescent lobes;
3 very short, divergent styles; |
| Fruits |
small
acorn to 2.5 cm long, stalkless or on a short, hairy peduncle; cup 1 cm
in diameter, covered with narrow scales; maturing in 1 year; |
|
Bark, twigs and
buds
|
bark
rough, scaly; twig red brown, shiny; |
| Hardiness zone, habitat |
not
quite hardy; withstands -10°C; prefers dry soils; |
| Miscellaneous |
--
A. Camus : n° 151 ;
-- Sub-genus Quercus, Section Quercus, Series Roburoid;
-- The specific name "lusitanica" must be avoided:
it is too much ambiguous because applied to several species:
1/ Q.lusitanica Webb and auctores = Q.faginea Lam.
2/ Q.lusitanica Boiss. = Q.infectoria Oliv.
3/ Q.lusitanica Lam. = Q.fruticosa Brot.
-- The term "undulata" inspired numerous Authors !
One can list the following :
Q.undulata Engelm 1878 (= Q.sinuata Walt.),
Q.undulata Kit.1863 (= Q.pubescens Willd.),
Q.undulata Benth. 1841 (= Q.benthamii A.DC),
Q.undulata K.Koch 1847 (= Q.lusitanica Lam.),
Q.undulata Torr 1827 (= Q.x undulata complex Little 1979),
Q.undulata Sarg., and A.DC ( describing more or less Q.x pauciloba
...),
Q.undulata S. Wats. (= Q.gambelii Nutt.) ;
--
The specific name "valentina" has been applied to various
species :
Q.valentina Cav. 1793 = Q.fruticosa
Q.valentina K.Koch 1849 = Q.infectoria
Q.valentina Lam. ex Steudel 1821 = Q.velutina
--
For F.M. Vázquez & al, 2018, Q. x prasina Bosc
ex Pers. 1807 (Syn. Pl. [Persoon], 2(2): 568, n. 29). pro sp.,
is a hybrid between Q. coccifera
and Q. faginea
= prasina Bosc ex Endl. 1848 nom. illeg.
= humilis Lam. var. prasina (Bosc ex Endl.)A.DC 1864
= faginea var. prasina (Bosc)Samp. 1910
= fruticosa Brot. f. prasina (Bosc ex Pers) O.Schwarz 1938
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Subspecies and
varieties |
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| Pictures |
drawing of Q. fruticosa
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